Every entity in this universe is the cause or consequence of the action of two opposite kind of forces/phases, like male and female, light and darkness, good and evil, love and hatred. This is called duality or dualism. Even in physical world, there is this duality called mass and energy which together create this physical universe.
In the first male and female duality in humans or I should say in every living beings, we must consider the existence of opposite sex. We must, because everyone was born from this male, female duality i.e. our father and mother. As life continues, we come to know more of this in form of brothers/sisters, friends, lovers, husband/wife, son/daughter etc.
The next one is the simplest one, that is light and darkness. They say the value of light is measured by how much darkness you have faced in your past life. Darkness and light in someone’s life operates simultaneously. Just like after a sunrise, there is a sunset, and after that there comes another sunrise. So, if you are in darkness, remember that there were moments, when you were happy. It can come back to you again. Always hope for the next light in your life. It will eventually come to you by the law of nature. Same goes for people who live in light. Don’t get too much high. The next phase may be darkness. Accept your darkness, even though it is too much to bear. Because it is part of you and always will be.
As for good and evil, we know they work together in this world. Ever wondered what is good or evil? Whenever we see some wrongdoing and injustice in this world, we want to take actions against it. Then we become good. So we can say that we have the privilege of being good, because there is the existence of some evil in this world. And sometimes too much good can also give birth to evil. Everything should be balanced.
The last and most important example of duality is love and hatred. Whenever we feel closeness and deep bonding with something or someone, we can call it love. Now, it’s the nature of our mind that we can’t focus on everything around us. So we concentrate our feelings towards that only thing that we like, ignoring our surroundings, sometimes even by damaging our surroundings. We can call it selfish love. But life’s unpredictable nature is change. As things change, we become afraid of losing our love. We forcefully try to hold our love close to us, even by mistrusting it. Now all these damage, mistrust towards our love, surroundings and us produces hatred, that we start to hate those things or persons which or whom we have loved once. This is the selfish love and hate duality. Once we realize and be able to acknowledge this duality, it gives birth to selfless love. At this point, we can love unconditionally, selflessly, be kind to others, and be able to bear our own pain and work on it.
Other important examples of dualities are inside and outside world, past and future. Past and future because we can say present doesn’t exist at all. Once a moment passes, it becomes past. In another way, we can say that the action between what happened in the past and how we want to face the future, makes us do work in present. So yes, everything happens in this world when two parts of the same entity collides with each other. We even need two hands while praying and in handshake. These are the concepts of duality. You can find more examples in your own life. Look closely to it.
The lesson of duality is to acknowledge and accept the both parts of everything. Now it’s not that this knowledge will make you prosper in life, but you will surely know yourself and your soul. Now why should we even learn this lesson? You see, the world is made of duality. So it’s up to you if you want to love it or not. (Collected from the philosophies of Veda, quantum physics)

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